Vitamin D added to margarine reduced inflammatory bowel disease by 13 percent 30 years later

Prenatal exposure of extra vitamin D from fortification and later risk of inflammatory bowel disease:

European Journal of Public Health, Volume 29, Issue Supplement_4 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.135

K S Duus, C M Moos, P Frederiksen, V Andersen, B L Heitmann

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Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that can affect the entire digestive tract. Approximately 1% of the Danish population has IBD today. Both the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally, but the etiology of IBD is still not fully understood. Some, but not all studies find that vitamin D has both protective and therapeutic effects on IBD. To our knowledge, no other study has investigated prenatal exposure to extra vitamin D from either fortified food, diet or supplements in relation to IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a small extra dose of vitamin D from fortification during gestation, was associated with a lower risk of developing IBD in the offspring.

Methods

In 1985 mandatory fortification of margarine with vitamin D in Denmark was canceled. To investigate the effect of this policy change we selected all individuals from 2 full year birth cohorts before and after the termination of the mandatory fortification. All individuals were followed for 30 years. By merging data from the Medical Birth Registry with the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified individuals with IBD.

Results

217,249 individuals were included in the analysis. 875 among the exposed and 1102 among the unexposed fulfilled the criteria for being diagnosed with IBD. A lower odds ratio OR = 0.867 (95% CI: 0.792;0.947) for IBD was observed among those who had been exposed to extra vitamin D from fortified margarine during gestation, compared to those who had not been exposed. The analysis was adjusted for sex and season of birth, but results were essentially similar before and after this adjustment.

Conclusions

This study shows, that a small extra dose of vitamin D from fortified margarine during gestation may lower the risk of developing IBD in the offspring, until the age of 30. If these results can be replicated, fortification with vitamin D could be recommended to prevent IBD on a public level.

Key messages

Prenatal exposure of vitamin D from fortified food could lower the risk of IBD later in life.