Vitamin D, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Incident Cognitive Impairment: Findings from the REGARDS Study.
PLoS One. 2016 Nov 3;11(11):e0165671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165671. eCollection 2016.
Panwar B1, Judd SE2, Howard VJ3, Jenny NS4, Wadley VG1, Gutiérrez OM1,3.
1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
2Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
3Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
4Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America.
Pages listed in BOTH the Cognition and Stroke:
- Inhaling Vitamin D nanoemulsion through nose gets lots more to the brain (mice) – July 2020
- Resvertrol fights Parkinson, Alzheimers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular, ALS, Stroke, etc.– Nov 2018
- Cognitive impairment after stroke increased if Vitamin D deficient - Dec 2018
- Cerebral small vessel disease 2.5 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – Sept 2018
- Omega-3 and Vitamin D each treat many mental health problems - April 2018
- Blacks with strokes having low Vitamin D were 3 times more likely to have cognitive impairment – Nov 2016
- Vascular dementia (after strokes) 32X more likely in Hypertensives with low vitamin D – Oct 2015
- Stroke results in 8 years of cognitive decline (vitamin D not mentioned) May 2015
- ALL of the top 10 health problems of women are associated with low vitamin D
- Fewer white spots in MRI brain scans if had more vitamin D – Jan 2014
- 5X fewer hip fractures from Parkinson – Alzheimer – Stroke with enough sun – June 2011
Pages listed in BOTH the Stroke and Dark Skin:
- Increased health problems in blacks is similar to that of low vitamin D whites (John Singleton Stroke)
- Stroke outcome 6.9 X worse if black and overweight (all three related via low vitamin D) – March 2018
- Blacks with strokes having low Vitamin D were 3 times more likely to have cognitive impairment – Nov 2016
- Low vitamin D is a risk factor for vascular diseases in African Americans - Aug 2012
- Twice as many fatal strokes among whites who were low on vitamin D – Jan 2012
 Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life
Vitamin D protects against cognitive decline in animals but evidence in humans has been inconsistent. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone that inhibits vitamin D activation yet few studies examined whether FGF23 is associated with cognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to examine associations of 25(OH)D and FGF23 with incident cognitive impairment in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a cohort of black and white adults =45 years old. FGF23 and 25(OH)D were measured in 474 incident impairment cases and 561 controls. In multivariable-adjusted models, there were no significant associations of FGF23 with incident cognitive impairment. In analyses using clinically-relevant categories of 25(OH)D (< 20 ng/ml, 20-29.9 ng/ml, =30 ng/ml), there was no statistically significant association of lower 25(OH)D concentrations with odds of incident cognitive impairment in models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables and season of blood draw (tertile 1 [=30 ng/ml] reference; tertile 2 [20-29.9 ng/ml], odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95%CI 0.67, 1.38; tertile 3 [<20 ng/ml] OR 1.26, 95%CI 0.83, 1.91). When 25(OH)D was modeled as race-specific tertiles, there were no significant associations of 25(OH)D with incident cognitive impairment in whites, whereas lower 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds in blacks (tertile 1 [>23 ng/ml] reference; tertile 2 [15-23 ng/ml], OR 2.96, 95%CI 1.48,5.94; tertile 3 [<15 ng/ml] OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.07,5.40) in the fully adjusted model. In this cohort of older adults, lower race-specific tertiles of 25(OH)D were associated with higher incidence of cognitive impairment in black individuals but not white individuals. These data suggest that treating low 25(OH)D may be a novel strategy for addressing racial disparities in neurocognitive outcomes.
PMID: 27812184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165671