Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (improved by vitamin D, etc.) – Jan 2024

Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes, consequences, and potential effects of therapies
- 101 References
28,000 hits for "blood brain barrier" "vitamin d" in Google Scholar
Vitamin D Life – Multiple Sclerosis 32 percent less likely among those with more than 32 ng of vitamin D – Dec 2019
See Brain in Vitamin D Life
See also in Vitamin D Life
Vitamin D Life – Overview MS and vitamin D contains

Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes, consequences, and potential effects of therapies

Lancet January, 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00377-0 PDF behind paywall
Bettina Zierfuss, PhD, Catherine Larochelle, MD PhD, Prof Alexandre Prat, MD PhD

Summary
Established by brain endothelial cells, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates the trafficking of molecules, restricts immune cell entry into the CNS, and has an active role in neurovascular coupling (the regulation of cerebral blood flow to support neuronal activity). In the early stages of multiple sclerosis, around the time of symptom onset, inflammatory BBB damage is accompanied by pathogenic immune cell infiltration into the CNS. In the later stages of multiple sclerosis, dysregulation of neurovascular coupling is associated with grey matter atrophy.
Genetic and environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis, including

dietary habits,
the gut microbiome,
and vitamin D concentrations,

might contribute directly and indirectly to brain endothelial cell dysfunction. Damage to brain endothelial cells leads to an influx of deleterious molecules into the CNS, accelerating leakage across the BBB. Potential future therapeutic approaches might help to prevent BBB damage (eg, monoclonal antibodies targeting cell adhesion molecules and fibrinogen) and help to repair BBB dysfunction (eg, mesenchymal stromal cells) in people with multiple sclerosis.

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28,000 hits for "blood brain barrier" "vitamin d" in Google Scholar

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C48&q=%22blood+brain+barrier%22+%22vitamin+d%22&btnG=|Google Scholar]

Active form of vitamin D directly protects the blood–brain barrier in multiple sclerosis- August 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.12398 FREE PDF
Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications - June 2022 https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac171 FREE PDF
- "In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects."
The Role of Vitamin D in Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update - June 2023 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132978 FREE PDF
Intranasal administration of vitamin D attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption through endogenous upregulation of osteopontin and activation of CD44/P-gp glycosylation signaling after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats - Oct 2016 https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X16671147 FREE PDF
- Note: Vitamin D Life has been successfully experimenting in inhaing Vitamin D since about 2015

Vitamin D Life – Multiple Sclerosis 32 percent less likely among those with more than 32 ng of vitamin D – Dec 2019

UV and Sunshine reduces MS risk

Other things also help

High Dose Vitamin D and cofactors

Number of MS studies which are also in other categories

22 studies in Genetics - genes can restrict Vitamin D getting to the blood and to the cells
12 studies in Vitamin D Receptor - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells
7 studies in Vitamin D Binding Protein - gene which restricts D from getting to the cells
21 studies in Ultraviolet light - may be even better than Vitamin D in preventing and treating MS
9 studies in Omega-3 - which helps Vitamin D prevent and treat MS

See Brain in Vitamin D Life

Brain and Vitamin D - many studies
Global burden of brain disorders surpasses cardiovascular disease and cancer - July 2023
- Contains: Vitamin D inhaled thru the nose gets some directly to the brain
Vitamin D3 Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption due to TBI (in rats) – Feb 2021
Many Neurological Diseases fought by Vitamin D - Dec 2022

Vitamin D Life – Overview MS and vitamin D contains

Clinical interventions have shown that Vitamin D can prevent, treat, and even cure Multiple Sclerosis, at a tiny fraction of the cost of the drugs now used to treat it, and without side effects.

Fact: Low Vitamin D results in higher risk of getting MS
Increase latitude leads to decreased Vitamin D, which leads to increased risk of MS

There is less of an effect recently - air conditioning now allows people to stay indoors

Dark skinned people are far more likely to get MS (dark skin people typically have low vitamin D)
Elderly (who typically have low vitamin D) are more likely to get MS
Is there increased risk in people who already have diseases associated with low vitamin D - TB, for example ? ? ?
Women typically have 3X increased MS risk then men (note: women typically have 20% lower levels of vitamin D than men)
Exception: women in very sunny climates and dark-skinned women have the same MS risk as men
Obese are 60% more likely to get MS
Multiple Sclerosis 42X more likely if light brown skin and smoke (both associated with low vitamin D) – July 2020
MS recurrence is much higher in spring - the lowest time of the year for vitamin D
increase in clouds/rainfall (which reduces available Vitamin D) is associated with increased risk of MS (Scotland, Western Washington)
MS incidence has increased 70% in a decade while the incidence of vitamin D deficiency doubled
Less MS in those with outdoor occupations PDF file, not a web page
Fact: MS uses up Vitamin D
Fact: Lower vitamin D (due to MS using up Vitamin D while fighting the disease) results in many other health problems (such as broken bones), so depleted vitamin D levels must be restored.
Fact: Increasing levels of Vitamin D is associated with lower MS risk, as well as lower risk of many other diseases
Fact: Vitamin D looks so promising for preventing and treating MS that there were 25 INTERVENTION clinical trials as of Feb 2014
Fact: Vitamin D reduced the MS relapse rate far better than Fingolimod which is now used for that purpose.
- Note: Fingolimod costs $25,000/year while vitamin D, which works better and has no side effects is 1000 times less expensive.
Fact: 98% of the genes affected by Interferon are also affected by Vitamin D
- Note: 1 week of Interferon = $4,700, 1 week of vitamin D 10,000X lower cost
Fact: MS Doctors in Brazil recommending 40-100 ng/mL of Vitamin D
Fact: Many MS forums are recommending vitamin D to treat MS, with some taking 5,000 to 10,000 IU daily
Observation: Risk of going from pre-MS to MS reduced 68 percent with 7100 IU vitamin D – RCT Dec 2012
- This is an observation instead of a fact - it has not yet been confirmed.
Fact: VERY LARGE doses of vitamin D have CURED 2,000 people of MS in Brazil
Controversy: UVB fron sunlight or UVB bulb may be BETTER than Vitamin D for reducing the risk of getting MS
Hypothesis: In addition to Vitamin D there are many other photoproducts produced by UVB that may promote health.

Summary: lack of consensus on how much to prevent, treat, or cure MS.

How much Vitamin D to prevent many diseases - such as MS
How much Vitamin D is needed to treat MS? There is currently no agreement
The recommendations range from 40 to 100 ng - which can result of a dose ranging from 3,000 to 20,000 IU/day
How Vitamin D is needed to Cure MS?: It appears that 20,000-140,000 IU daily may be needed to CURE the disease
   You must be under the supervision of a doctor who knows what to watch for in your individual situation.
   High doses of Vitamin D cannot be used as a monotherapy.
   You will need to adjust the cofactors: Typically increasing Magnesium and Vitamin K2, and reducing Calcium intake.
   Your doctor will monitor these and might increase your intake of Vitamins B2, C, as well as Omega-3899
Epstein-Barr virus increases risk of Multiple Sclerosis by 32X - Jan 2022
Multiple Sclerosis treated by Vitamin D, recommends investigating high dose Coimbra - Oct 2021
Multiple Sclerosis patients had fewer COVID-19 problems (Note: many MSers take Vitamin D) – April 30, 2021
Vitamin D Resistance hypothesis confirmed by Coimbra high-dose vitamin D protocol – April 2021
Multiple Sclerosis relapses cut in half by 100,000 IU of Vitamin D every 2 weeks– RCT 2019