Loading...
 
Toggle Health Problems and D

Skin impedance might be a rough measure of Vitamin D – Dec 2021


A Novel Biosensor and Algorithm to Predict Vitamin D Status by Measuring Skin Impedance

Sensors 2021, 21(23), 8118; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21238118 by Jin-Chul Heo 1,Doyoon Kim 2,Hyunsoo An 2ORCID,Chang-Sik Son 3ORCID,Sangwoo Cho 4 andJong-Ha Lee 1,*ORCID
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
2 Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16677, Korea
3 Division of Intelligent Robot, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
4 The Center for Advanced Technology in Testing Human Factors, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea

Image
The deficiency and excess of Vitamin D cause various diseases, necessitating continuous management; but it is not easy to accurately measure the serum vitamin D level in the body using a non-invasive method. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels, body information obtained by an InBody scan, and blood parameters obtained during health checkups, to determine the optimum frequency of vitamin D quantification in the skin and to propose a vitamin D measurement method based on impedance. We assessed body composition, arm impedance, and blood vitamin D concentrations to determine the correlation between each element using multiple machine learning analyses and an algorithm which predicted the concentration of vitamin D in the body using the impedance value developed. Body fat percentage obtained from the InBody device and blood parameters albumin and lactate dehydrogenase correlated with vitamin D level. An impedance measurement frequency of 21.1 Hz was reflected in the blood vitamin D concentration at optimum levels, and a confidence level of about 75% for vitamin D in the body was confirmed. These data demonstrate that the concentration of vitamin D in the body can be predicted using impedance measurement values. This method can be used for predicting and monitoring vitamin D-related diseases and may be incorporated in wearable health measurement devices.
 Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life

References
  1. 1. Sahay, M.; Sahay, R. Rickets-vitamin D deficiency and dependency. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2012, 16, 164-176.
  2. Cipriani, C.; Pepe, J.; Piemonte, S.; Colangelo, L.; Cilli, M.; Minisola, S. Vitamin D and Its Relationship with Obesity and Muscle. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2014, 2014, 841248.
  3. Wang, H.; Chen, W.; Li, D.; Yin, X.; Zhang, X.; Olsen, N.; Zheng, S.G. Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis. 2017, 8, 346353.
  4. Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E.; Kupisz-Urbanska, M.; Eukaszkiewicz, J.; Pludowski, P.; Jones, G. Vitamin D Toxicity-A Clinical Perspective. Front. Endocrinol. 2018, 9, 550.
  5. Holm, I.A.; Econs, M.J.; Carpenter, T.O. Chapter 26-Familial Hypophosphatemia and Related Disorders. In Pediatric Bone, 2nd ed.; Glorieux, F.H., Pettifor, J.M., Juppner, H., Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA, 2012; pp. 699-726.
  6. Kennel, K.A.; Drake, M.T.; Hurley, D.L. Vitamin D deficiency in adults: When to test and how to treat. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2010, 85, 752-757.
  7. Arneson, W.L.; Arneson, D.L. Current Methods for Routine Clinical Laboratory Testing of Vitamin D Levels. Lab. Med. 2013, 44, e38-e42.
  8. Stokes, C.S.; Lammert, F.; Volmer, D.A. Analytical Methods for Quantification of Vitamin D and Implications for Research and Clinical Practice. Anticancer. Res. 2018, 38, 1137-1144.
  9. Shah, I.; Mansour, M.; Jobe, S.; Salih, E.; Naughton, D.; Salman Ashraf, S. A Non-Invasive Hair Test to Determine Vitamin D (3) Levels. Molecules 2021, 26, 3269.
  10. Bouillon, R. Free or Total 25OHD as Marker for Vitamin D Status? J. Bone Miner. Res. 2016, 31, 1124-1127.
  11. Kia, S.; Fazilati, M.; Salavati, H.; Bohlooli, S. Preparation of a novel molecularly imprinted polymer by the sol-gel process for solid phase extraction of vitamin D3. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 31906-31914.
  12. Deschasaux, M.; Souberbielle, J.C.; Andreeva, V.A.; Sutton, A.; Charnaux, N.; Kesse-Guyot, E.; Latino-Martel, P.; Druesne- Pecollo, N.; Szabo de Edelenyi, F.; Galan, P.; et al. Quick and Easy Screening for Vitamin D Insufficiency in Adults: A Scoring System to Be Implemented in Daily Clinical Practice. Medicine 2016, 95, e2783.
  13. Kim, H.J.; Le, J.-H. Impedance Based Vitamin D Measurement Sensor and Algorithm for Human Wellness. Sens. Transducers 2017, 216, 1-7.
  14. Binkley, N.; Borchardt, G.; Siglinsky, E.; Krueger, D. Does vitamin d metabolite measurement help predict 25(oh)d change following vitamin d supplementation? Endocr. Pract. Off. J. Am. Coll. Endocrinol. Am. Assoc. Clin. Endocrinol. 2017, 23, 432-441.
  15. Hannemann, A.; Thuesen, B.H.; Friedrich, N.; Volzke, H.; Steveling, A.; Ittermann, T.; Hegenscheid, K.; Nauck, M.; Linneberg, A.; Wallaschofski, H. Adiposity measures and vitamin D concentrations in Northeast Germany and Denmark. Nutr. Metab. 2015, 12, 24.
  16. Feiyun, C.; Yue, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, H.S. Advancing Biosensors with Machine Learning. ACS Sens. 2020, 5, 33463364.
  17. Raji, H.; Tayyab, M.; Sui, J.; Mahmoodi, S.R.; Javanmard, M. Biosensors and Machine Learning for Enhanced Detection, Stratification, and Classification of Cells: A Review. arXiv 2021, arXiv:2101.01866.
  18. Lee, S.; Oncescu, V.; Mancuso, M.; Mehta, S.; Erickson, D. A smartphone platform for the quantification of vitamin D levels. Lab A Chip 2014, 14, 1437-1442.
  19. Lahav, Y.; Goldstein, N.; Gepner, Y. Comparison of body composition assessment across body mass index categories by two multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis devices and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in clinical settings. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2021, 75, 1275-1282.
  20. Andreozzi, P.; Verrusio, W.; Viscogliosi, G.; Summa, M.L.; Gueli, N.; Cacciafesta, M.; Albanese, C.V. Relationship between vitamin D and body fat distribution evaluated by DXA in postmenopausal women. Nutrition 2016, 32, 687-692.
  21. Orces, C. The Association between Body Mass Index and Vitamin D Supplement Use among Adults in the United States. Cureus 2019, 11, e5721.
  22. Al Hayek, S.; Matar Bou Mosleh, J.; Ghadieh, R.; El Hayek Fares, J. Vitamin D status and body composition: A cross-sectional study among employees at a private university in Lebanon. BMC Nutr. 2018, 4, 31.
  23. Vimaleswaran, K.S.; Berry, D.J.; Lu, C.; Tikkanen, E.; Pilz, S.; Hiraki, L.T.; Cooper, J.D.; Dastani, Z.; Li, R.; Houston, D.K.; et al. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: Bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med. 2013, 10, e1001383.
  24. Mowry, D.A.; Costello, M.M.; Heelan, K.A. Association Among Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Fat, and Bone Marker Measurements in Healthy Young Females. J. Osteopath. Med. 2009, 109, 534-539.
  25. Blum, M.; Dallal, G.E.; Dawson-Hughes, B. Body size and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D response to oral supplements in healthy older adults. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2008, 27, 274-279.
  26. Camozzi, V.; Frigo, A.C.; Zaninotto, M.; Sanguin, F.; Plebani, M.; Boscaro, M.; Schiavon, L.; Luisetto, G. 25- Hydroxycholecalciferol response to single oral cholecalciferol loading in the normal weight, overweight, and obese. Osteoporos. Int. A J. Establ. Result Coop. Between Eur. Found. Osteoporos. Natl. Osteoporos. Found. USA 2016, 27, 2593-2602.
  27. Kim, J.; Park, H.J.; Sung, D.J. The Relationship between Plasma Vitamin D Concentration and Blood Pressure in Korean Middle- aged Males: A Cross-sectional Study. Iran. J. Public Health 2018, 47, 1767-1768.
  28. Yonemura, K.; Fujimoto, T.; Fujigaki, Y.; Hishida, A. Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in reduced serum albumin concentrations in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis. Off. J. Natl. Kidney Found. 2000, 36, 337-344.
  29. Akbas, E.M.; Gungor, A.; Ozcicek, A.; Akbas, N.; Askin, S.; Polat, M. Vitamin D and inflammation: Evaluation with neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Arch. Med Sci. AMS 2016, 12, 721-727.
  30. Kang, J.H.; Kim, S.S.; Moon, S.S.; Kim, W.J.; Bae, M.J.; Choi, B.G.; Jeon, Y.K.; Kim, B.H.; Kim, Y.K.; Kim, I.J. Adiposity in the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013, 28, 96-102.
  31. Sawicki, C.M.; Van Rompay, M.I.; Au, L.E.; Gordon, C.M.; Sacheck, J.M. Sun-Exposed Skin Color is Associated with Changes in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Racially/Ethnically Diverse Children. J. Nutr. 2016, 146, 751-757.
  32. Lukaszuk, J.M.; Prawitz, A.D.; Johnson, K.N.; Umoren, J.; Bugno, T.J. Development of a Noninvasive Vitamin D Screening Tool. Fam. Consum. Sci. Res. J. 2012, 40, 229-240.
  33. Sari, D.K.; Sari, L.M.; Laksmi, L.I.F. The Moderate Correlation Between 25(OH)D Serum and Saliva in Healthy People with Low Vitamin D Intake. Int. J. Gen. Med. 2021, 14, 841-850.
  34. Krul-Poel, Y.H.M.; Agca, R.; Lips, P.; van Wijland, H.; Stam, F.; Simsek, S. Vitamin D status is associated with skin autofluorescence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary report. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2015, 14, 89.
  35. Sambasivam, G.; Amudhavel, J.; Sathya, G. A Predictive Performance Analysis of Vitamin D Deficiency Severity Using Machine Learning Methods. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 109492-109507.
  36. Ene, C.D.; Anghel, A.E.; Neagu, M.; Nicolae, I. 25-OH Vitamin D and Interleukin-8: Emerging Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma Development and Progression. Mediat. Inflamm. 2015, 2015, 904876.
  37. Al-Eisa, E.S.; Alghadir, A.H.; Gabr, S.A. Correlation between vitamin D levels and muscle fatigue risk factors based on physical activity in healthy older adults. Clin. Interv. Aging 2016, 11, 513-522.
  38. Gradillas-García, A.; Alvarez, J.; Rubio, J.A.; de Abajo, F.J. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in adult population of the Community of Madrid. Endocrinol. Y Nutr. Organo De La Soc. Esp. De Endocrinol. Y Nutr. 2015, 62, 180187.

Observations by Founder of Vitamin D Life (formerly an Instrumentation Engineer)

I designed and built devices that measured a wide range of parameters for >20 years
This study experimented with a wide range of frequencies to measure skin impedance and found 21Hz the best correlation to Vitamin D
Additional potential measurement inputs include:

  • Phase Angle
  • Compare Impedance at two different amplitudes
  • Compare Impedance at two different frequencies
  • Compare Impedance measured with different waveforms (sinusoid, square, pulse, etc)
  • Measure impedance using impulse response, rather than continuous waveform

There are a wide variety of analysis techniques
There are a wide variety of sources of interference not mentioned in this study- such as

  • sweat
  • hydration level
  • Ratio of body fat to muscle

Skin impedance appears to have the potential to roughly determine Vitamin D levels, but it is years in the future


Vitamin D estimation using Machine Learning (One of the references)

A Predictive Performance Analysis of Vitamin D Deficiency Severity Using Machine Learning Methods - IEEE, June 2020
Image

Many Machine Learning Techniques provide OK accuracy
Image
 Download the PDF from Vitamin D Life


Vitamin D Life - Tests for Vitamin D contains:


Created by admin. Last Modification: Saturday December 4, 2021 13:53:36 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 11)

Attached files

ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads
16690 ML Techniques.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2021 86.89 Kb 309
16689 Vitamin D vs skin impedance.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2021 30.72 Kb 219
16688 Skin Impedance Vitamin D.pdf admin 04 Dec, 2021 806.11 Kb 172
16687 IEEE.jpg admin 04 Dec, 2021 171.39 Kb 219
16686 IEEE_compressed.pdf admin 04 Dec, 2021 2.24 Mb 83