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Vitamin K, cardiovascular health, and stroke - many studies

Vitamin K Intake in Chronic Stroke: Implications for Dietary Recommendations - Oct 2020

Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103059
by Chad Wessinger,Charlene Hafer-Macko andAlice S. Ryan *
VA Research Service, Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Baltimore VA Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA

Previous research has identified a possible association between vitamin K intake and cardiometabolic disease. This could mean that the assessment of vitamin K intake is a meaningful tool when monitoring individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Sixty chronic stroke survivors (men and women, body mass index (BMI) 30.36 ± 6.61 kg/m2, age 61.7 ± 7.2 years) completed food records which were analyzed for energy, macronutrient, micronutrient, and food group servings. Participants were divided into two groups: below vitamin K recommendation (BEL, n = 49) and met vitamin K recommendation (MET, n = 11). Energy and macronutrient intake did not differ between groups (all p > 0.127). Vegetable intake was higher in the MET group (p = 0.0001). Vitamin K intake was higher in the MET group (p = 0.0001). Calcium (p = 0.003), vitamin A (p = 0.007), and vitamin E (p = 0.005) intakes were higher in the MET group. There were no differences in sodium, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin C, and iron intakes between groups (all p > 0.212). In this sample of chronic stroke survivors, 82% reported consuming below the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for vitamin K. Given that the majority of this study population did not reach the DRI for vitamin K, it is advisable to promote the adequate intake of food rich in vitamin K. Further work is needed to determine the significance of low vitamin K intake in this population.

Clipped from PDF - predict future stroke

"More information is needed to better understand whether vitamin K intake could be used as an easy predictive marker for a secondary stroke. Due to vitamin K’s potential therapeutic interactions with various diseases, controlled supplementation may be indicated for individuals struggling to consume adequate amounts. Vitamin K supplementation should be considered as a potential adjuvant therapy to address atherosclerosis. Patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors and a desire to improve vascular condition should first discuss the benefits and risks of vitamin K supplementation with their medical care provider. These discussions are most relevant in patients on anticoagulants, such as warfarin or coumadin"
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Vitamin K2—a neglected player in cardiovascular health: a narrative review - Oct 2021

Open Heart - BMJ http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001715
Essa Hariri1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-0861Nicholas Kassis1, Jean-Pierre Iskandar1, Leon J Schurgers2, Anas Saad3, Omar Abdelfattah3,4, Agam Bansal1, Toshiaki Isogai3, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-4928Serge C Harb1 and Samir Kapadia 3 kapadis at ccf.org

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Vitamin K2 serves an important role in cardiovascular health through regulation of calcium homeostasis. Its effects on the cardiovascular system are mediated through activation of the anti-calcific protein known as matrix Gla protein. In its inactive form, this protein is associated with various markers of cardiovascular disease including increased arterial stiffness, vascular and valvular calcification, insulin resistance and heart failure indices which ultimately increase cardiovascular mortality. Supplementation of vitamin K2 has been strongly associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes through its modification of systemic calcification and arterial stiffness. Although its direct effects on delaying the progression of vascular and valvular calcification is currently the subject of multiple randomised clinical trials, prior reports suggest potential improved survival among cardiac patients with vitamin K2 supplementation. Strengthened by its affordability and Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA)-proven safety, vitamin K2 supplementation is a viable and promising option to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Quantifying dietary vitamin K and its link to cardiovascular health: a narrative review - 2020

Claire R. Palmer,ab Lauren C. Blekkenhorst,bc Joshua R. Lewis,bcd Natalie C. Ward, ORCID logo ce Carl J. Schultz,cf Jonathan M. Hodgson,bc Kevin D. Croft ORCID logo a and Marc Sim ORCID logo *bc
Food & Function Issue 4, 2020 DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02321F

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Recent work suggests a link between vitamin K insufficiency and deficiency with vascular calcification, a marker of advanced atherosclerosis. Vitamin K refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins important for blood coagulation, reducing inflammation, regulating blood calcium metabolism, as well as bone metabolism, all of which may play a role in promoting cardiovascular health. Presently, there is a lack of a comprehensive vitamin K database on individual foods, which are required to accurately calculate vitamin K1 and K2 intake for examination in epidemiological studies. This has likely contributed to ambiguity regarding the recommended daily intake of vitamin K, including whether vitamin K1 and K2 may have separate, partly overlapping functions. This review will discuss the presence of: (i) vitamin K1 and K2 in the diet; (ii) the methods of quantitating vitamin K compounds in foods; and (iii) provide an overview of the evidence for the cardiovascular health benefits of vitamin K in observational and clinical trials.
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Vitamin D Life – Overview Vitamin K contains

Vitamin K2 is similar to D3 in many ways

  1. Both vitamins were initially confused with its lesser form (D2 ==> D3, K1 ==> K2)
  2. Both vitamins appear to influence health in large number of ways
  3. Both vitamins in the body are about 1/10 that of a century ago
    Example: Grass-fed beef has a lot more K2, D3, and Magnesium
  4. Need very little of both vitamins: <1 milligram daily
  5. When Vitamin D3 is increased, it appears that Vitamin K2 should also be increased
  6. Vitamin K2 understanding and research is about 20 years behind that of Vitamin D3
    One of the reasons: No simple blood test for K2 as of Jan 2020

Vitamin D Life - 26 studies in both categories Cardiovascular and Vitamin K

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Vitamin D Life - 3 studies in both categories Stroke and Vitamin K

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19+ Vitamin D Life pages with CALCIFICATION in the title

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Items found: 20
Title Modified
Less Calcification if less Calcium, Vitamin K, Magnesium, etc. - many studies 22 Aug, 2023
Vascular calcification greatly reduced by 3 per week 1000 ug of Vitamin K2 MK-7 – Dec 2013 14 Apr, 2023
Vitamin K reduces calcification (reported yet again) – Feb 2019 01 Feb, 2019
Hypothesis – Vascular calcification is associated with both too much and too little vitamin D - May 2018 15 Jul, 2018
Stroke is strongly associated with Calcification of cerebral arteries (perhaps low Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Mg…) – March 2018 21 Apr, 2018
Hypothesis – Use of anticoagulants with COPD lowers Vitamin K, which increases calcification – Nov 2017 25 Jan, 2018
Intracranial arterial calcification in 85 percent of ischemic strokes (Vitamin K and Vitamin D should help) – Oct 2017 27 Oct, 2017
Cardiovascular calcification prevented by Omega-3, Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Vitamin D – April 2015 09 Aug, 2017
Coronary artery calcification associated with low vitamin D 18 Jun, 2016
Vitamin D deficiency was the highest risk factor for coronary artery calcification with HIV -Aug 2013 18 Jun, 2016
Magnesium reduced calcitriol (active vitamin D) artery calcification in CKD by 50 percent – Oct 2015 22 Oct, 2015
Vitamin D video: calcification, narrow-band UV, 4,000 IU, 50 ng – Dr. DeLuca May 2015 04 Jun, 2015
Vitamin D is good, but must balance Vitamins A and K2 to prevent Calcification – Masterjohn Aug 2014 31 Dec, 2014
Interactions of Vitamins D, A, and K, should measure calcitriol, calcification – Masterjohn Aug 2013 28 Nov, 2014
Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease April 2010 21 Dec, 2013
24X less Calcification of Aorta for PAD with modest level of vitamin D – Aug 2011 21 Dec, 2013
Aortic Calcification 85 percent more likely if vitamin D level lower than 29 ng – June 2012 21 Dec, 2013
Excess vitamin A caused calcification of heart valves in mice – Dec 2012 17 Jul, 2013
Vertebral fracture 3X more likely with aortic calcification – Vitamins D3 and K2 Sept 2012 17 Oct, 2012
Vitamin D deficient Type 1 diabetics 3X more likely to have calcification problems – Feb 2011 28 Oct, 2011



Vitamin K, cardiovascular health, and stroke - many studies        
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