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Infection in first six months of life: White 69 percent, Black, 78 percent – Jan 2018

Maternal Vitamin D Status and Infant Infection

Nutrients 2018, 10(2), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020111
Sara Moukarzel 1,2,* , Marlies Ozias 3, Elizabeth Kerling 4, Danielle Christifano 5, Jo Wick 6, John Colombo 7 and Susan Carlson 4
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Changing Times for Vitamin D and Health)

Vitamin D Life

Items in both categories Inflammation and Infant-Child are listed here:

Items in both categories Dark Skin and Infant-Child are listed here:

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Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may modulate fetal immune system development and infant susceptibility to infections. Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy, particularly among African American (AA) women. Our objective was to compare maternal vitamin D status (plasma 25(OH)D concentration) during pregnancy and first-year infections in the offspring of African American (AA) and non-AA women. We used medical records to record frequency and type of infections during the first year of life of 220 term infants (69 AA, 151 non-AA) whose mothers participated in the Kansas University DHA Outcomes Study. AA and non-AA groups were compared for maternal 25(OH)D by Mann–Whitney U-test.

Compared to non-AA women, AA women were more likely to be vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L; 84% vs. 37%, p < 0.001), and more of their infants had at least one infection in the first 6 months (78.3% and 59.6% of infants, respectively, p = 0.022).

We next explored the relationship between maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentration and infant infections using Spearman correlations. Maternal 25(OH)D concentration was inversely correlated with the number of all infections (p = 0.033), eye, ear, nose, and throat (EENT) infections (p = 0.043), and skin infection (p = 0.021) in the first 6 months.
A model that included maternal education, income, and 25(OH)D identified maternal education as the only significant predictor of infection risk in the first 6 months (p = 0.045); however, maternal education, income, and 25(OH)D were all significantly lower in AA women compared to non-AA women . The high degree of correlation between these variables does not allow determination of which factor is driving the risk of infection; however, the one that is most easily remediated is vitamin D status. It would be of value to learn if vitamin D supplementation in this at-risk group could ameliorate at least part of the increased infection risk.


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