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Toggle Health Problems and D

Breast-feeding mothers need 2000 IU of vitamin D to get infants to even 12 ng – July 2015

Maternal vitamin D3 supplementation at 50 μg/d protects against low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in infants at 8 wk of age: a randomized controlled trial of 3 doses of vitamin D beginning in gestation and continued in lactation1

Kaitlin M March2, Nancy N Chen2, Crystal D Karakochuk2, Antonia W Shand5, Sheila M Innis3, Peter von Dadelszen4, Susan I Barr2, Michael R Lyon6, Susan J Whiting7, Hope A Weiler8, and Tim J Green2, tim.green at ubc.ca
2Food, Nutrition and Health,
3Department of Paediatrics, and
4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
5Clinical and Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;
6Canadian Center for Functional Medicine, Coquitlam, Canada;
7College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; and
8School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
↵1 Supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) and a Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship from the CIHR (KMM). Supplements were provided by Natural Factors (Coquitlam, Canada). Natural Factors had no role in the study design, implementation, or interpretation of the study findings.

Vitamin D Life

Infants getting formula get some vitamin D (200 IU?)
Breast milk now rarely has much vitamin D
See also Vitamin D Life

Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D has the following summary

IU Cumulative Benefit Blood level CofactorsCalcium $*/month
200 Better bones for mom
with 600 mg of Calcium
6 ng/ml increase Not needed No effect $0.10
400 Less Rickets (but not zero with 400 IU)
3X less adolescent Schizophrenia
Fewer child seizures
20-30 ng/ml Not needed No effect $0.20
2000 2X More likely to get pregnant naturally/IVF
2X Fewer dental problems with pregnancy
8X less diabetes
4X fewer C-sections (>37 ng)
4X less preeclampsia (40 ng vs 10 ng)
5X less child asthma
2X fewer language problems age 5
42 ng/ml Desirable < 750 mg $1
4000 2X fewer pregnancy complications
2X fewer pre-term births
49 ng/ml Should have
cofactors
< 750 mg $3
6000 Probable: larger benefits for above items
Just enough D for breastfed infant
More maternal and infant weight
Should have
cofactors
< 750 mg $4


Background: Vitamin D supplementation is recommended for breastfed infants. Maternal supplementation beginning in gestation is a potential alternative, but its efficacy in maintaining infant 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration after birth is unknown.

Objectives: We determined the effect of 3 doses of maternal vitamin D supplementation beginning in gestation and continued in lactation on infant serum 25(OH)D and compared the prevalence of infant serum 25(OH)D cutoffs (>30, >40, >50, and >75 nmol/L) by dose at 8 wk of age.

Design: Pregnant women (n = 226) were randomly allocated to receive 10, 25, or 50 μg vitamin D3/d from 13 to 24 wk of gestation until 8 wk postpartum, with no infant supplementation. Mother and infant blood was collected at 8 wk postpartum.

Results: At 8 wk postpartum, mean [nmol/L (95% CI)] infant 25(OH)D at 8 wk was higher in the 50-μg/d [75 (67, 83)] than in the 25-μg/d [52 (45, 58)] or 10-μg/d [45 (38, 52)] vitamin D groups (P < 0.05). Fewer infants born to mothers in the 50-μg/d group had a 25(OH)D concentration <30 nmol/L (indicative of deficiency) than infants in the 25- and 10-μg/d groups, respectively (2% vs. 16% and 43%; P < 0.05). Fewer than 15% of infants in the 10- or 25-μg/d groups achieved a 25(OH)D concentration >75 nmol/L compared with 44% in the 50-μg/d group (P < 0.05). Almost all infants (∼98%, n = 44) born to mothers in the 50-μg/d group achieved a 25(OH)D concentration >30 nmol/L. At 8 wk postpartum, mean [nmol/L (95% CI)] maternal 25(OH)D concentration was higher in the 50-μg/d [88 (84, 91)] than in the 25-μg/d [78 (74, 81)] or 10-μg/d [69 (66, 73)] groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Maternal supplementation beginning in gestation with 50 μg vitamin D3/d protects 98% of unsupplemented breastfed infants against 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) to at least 8 wk, whereas 10 or 25 μg vitamin D/d protects only 57% and 84% of infants, respectively. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01112891.

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