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Smoking while pregnant resulted in 2X more likely to be Vitamin D deficient – Feb 2019

Smoking during pregnancy reduces vitamin D levels in a Finnish birth register cohort

Cambridge University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018003932
A Inkeri Lokki (a1) (a2), Jenni Heikkinen-Eloranta (a3), Hanna Öhman (a4) (a5), Seppo Heinonen (a3) ...

Vitamin D Life

Smoking reduces vitamin D contains the following
Two pathways are often proposed for how smoking decreases vitamin D:
   1) Smoking decreases Calcium. and Vitamin D is used up in replacing the Calcium
   2) Smoking injures the body, and vitamin D is used up in repairing the body
It appears that taking Vitamin D while smoking will:
   1) Decrease the incidence of the many health problems associated with smoking - even lung cancer
   2) Decrease the desire to smoke (perhaps take fewer smoking breaks?)
   3) Increase breathing capacity
Opinion: If unable to stop smoking,
  or are a previous smoker,
     or are getting 2nd hand smoke,
         increase Vitamin D and perhaps Omega-3 (which decreases depression, inflammation)

Vitamin D should also help people quit smoking   See bottom of page Smoking reduces vitamin D
   1) Reduces weight gain associated with quitting smoking
   2) Reduces depression associated with quitting smoking


Objective
Maternal vitamin D level in pregnancy may have implications for both the mother and fetus. Deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to several pregnancy complications and fetal skeletal health. Smoking has been associated with reduced serum level of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).

Design
A nested case–control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a population-based cohort which includes first-trimester sera from 98 % of pregnancies in Finland since 1987. The selection consisted of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. We studied serum concentration of 25(OH)D in 313 non-smoking and forty-six self-reported smoking pregnant women.

Setting
We hypothesize that pregnant smokers may have an increased risk of low 25(OH)D levels especially during winter months.

Participants
A control group from an unpublished pregnancy complication study consisting of 359 uncomplicated pregnancies. Individuals who reported that they do not smoke were considered ‘non-smokers’ (n 313) and those who reported continued smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy were considered ‘smokers’ (n 46).

Results
Smokers had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D irrespective of sampling time (P<0·0001). Furthermore, during the low sun-exposure season, only 14 % of smokers met the guideline level of 40 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D in comparison with 31 % of non-smokers.

Conclusions
Expectant mothers who smoke have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency during low sun-exposure months in northern regions. Further studies are needed to assess the associated risks for maternal and fetal health as well as possible long-term implications for the infant.


Created by admin. Last Modification: Sunday October 6, 2019 02:08:01 GMT-0000 by admin. (Version 1)
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