Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Improving Glucose Homeostasis and Preventing Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2136
Jennifer C. Seida MPH1, Joanna Mitri MD2, Isabelle N. Colmers MSc1, Sumit R. Majumdar MD1,3, Mayer B. Davidson MD4, Alun L. Edwards MD5, David A. Hanley MD5, Anastassios G. Pittas MD2, Lisa Tjosvold MLIS1, and Jeffrey A. Johnson PhD1
1Alliance for Canadian Health Outcomes Research in Diabetes, University of Alberta, Edmonton;
2Tufts Medical Center, Boston;
3Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton;
4Charles R Drew University, Los Angeles;
5University of Calgary, Calgary
Context:
Observational studies report consistent associations between low vitamin D concentration and increased glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes, but results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are mixed.
Objective:
To systematically review RCTs that report on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention.
Data Sources:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment, and Science Citation Index from inception to June 2013.
Study Selection:
Trials that compared vitamin D3 supplementation with placebo or a non-vitamin D supplement in adults with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes.
Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Two reviewers collected data and assessed trial quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random effects models were used to estimate mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (OR). The main outcomes of interest were HOMA–IR, HOMA–B, hemoglobin A1c levels, fasting blood glucose, incident diabetes, and adverse events.
Data Synthesis:
Thirty-five trials (43,407 patients) with variable risk of bias were included. Vitamin D had no significant effects on insulin resistance (HOMA–IR: MD, -0.04; 95%CI, -0.30 to 0.22, I2=45%), insulin secretion (HOMA–B: MD, 1.64; 95%CI, -25.94 to 29.22, I2=40%), or A1c (MD, -0.05%; 95%CI, -0.12 to 0.03, I2=55%) compared with controls. Four RCTs reported on progression to new diabetes and found no effect of vitamin D (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.94 to 1.10, I2=0%). Adverse events were rare, and there was no evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions:
Evidence from available trials shows no effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on glucose homeostasis or diabetes prevention. Definitive conclusions may be limited in the context of the moderate degree of heterogeneity, variable risk of bias, and short-term follow-up duration of the available evidence to date.
PDF is attached at the bottom of this page
Only noticed 3 studies which lasted long enough (> 4 months) which also used enough vitamin D (>4,000 IU) for the average adult
Unfortunately, they were for studies of OBESE adults - who need 8,000 - 12,000 IU
See also Vitamin D Life
Overview Diabetes and vitamin D contains the following summary
- Diabetes is 5X more frequent far from the equator
- Children getting 2,000 IU of vitamin D are 8X less likely to get Type 1 diabetes
- Obese people get less sun / Vitamin D - and also vitamin D gets lost in fat
- Sedentary people get less sun / Vitamin D
- Worldwide Diabetes increase has been concurrent with vitamin D decrease and air conditioning
- Elderly get 4X less vitamin D from the same amount of sun
Elderly also spend less time outdoors and have more clothes on - All items in category Diabetes and Vitamin D
454 items: both Type 1 and Type 2 Vitamin D appears to both prevent and treat diabetes
- Appears that >2,000 IU will Prevent
- Appears that >4,000 IU will Treat , but not cure
- Appears that Calcium and Magnesium are needed for both Prevention and Treatment
- which are just some of the vitamin D cofactors
Number of articles in both categories of Diabetes and:
- Dark Skin
22 ; Intervention 49 ; Meta-analysis 28 ; Obesity 26 ; Pregnancy 39 ; T1 (child) 34 ; Omega-3 10 ; Vitamin D Receptor 18 ; Genetics 10 ; Magnesium 18 Click here to see details
Pages listed in BOTH the categories Diabetes and Meta-analysis- Low Magnesium associated with diabetes, etc. – meta-analysis 2016
- Vitamin D reduced only the systolic blood pressure in T2DM – Meta-analysis April 2019
- Vitamin D helps Diabetic Nephropathy kidneys – meta-analysis April 2019
- Vitamin D treats Gestational Diabetes, decreases hospitalization and newborn complications – meta-analysis March 2019
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer 3.2 X or 3.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analyses 2019
- Prediabetes treated by Vitamin D (34 ng, 3500 IU per day) – meta-analysis May 2018
- Diabetics helped by vitamin D in 5 ways – meta-analysis June 2018
- Diabetes treated and prevented by more than 2,000 IU of vitamin D (need more and gut-friendly) - meta-analyses 2018
- Gestational Diabetes 39 percent more likely if insufficient Vitamin D – Meta-analysis March 2018
- Diabetic inflammation reduced by Vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2018
- Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) 1.6 X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Hyperglycemia associated with low vitamin D – type II diabetics and healthy people – meta-analysis Jan 2018
- Diabetes helped by daily 4,000 IU of Vitamin D – meta-analysis Sept 2017
- Diabetic nephropathy (Kidney problem) 1.8 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis July 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy twice as likely if a T2 Diabetic has low level of vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017
- Diabetic Retinopathy 2 X more likely if poor Vitamin D Receptor – meta-analysis Nov 2016
- Magnesium is associated with prevention and treatment of Diabetes – Meta-analysis Aug 2016
- Diabetic Retinopathy 27 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2016
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 1.5X more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Oct 2015
- Diabetes not prevented by Vitamin D (when you ignore how much vitamin D was taken) – Sept 2015
- Diabetics are 2.7 X more likely to get peripheral neuropathy if low vitamin D – meta-analysis Dec 2014
- Diabetes not prevented or treated if give only modest amount of vitamin D or for short period of time – meta-analysis July 2014
- Type 2 diabetes 1.5X more likely if low vs high vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2013
- 4 percent less type 2 diabetes for every 4 ng more vitamin D – meta-analysis May 2013
- Vitamin D receptor gene associated with 50 percent more type 2 Diabetes – meta-analyses 2013, 2016
- Metabolic Syndrome in children is associated with low vitamin D – review Jan 2013
- Gestational diabetes 60 percent more likely below 20 ng of vitamin D – meta-analysis Feb 2012
- Diabetes down 13 percent if more than 500 IU of vitamin D – meta-analysis July 2011
This page is in the following categories (# of items in each category)Diabetes454 Meta-analysis of Vitamin D 480 Attached files
ID Name Comment Uploaded Size Downloads 4193 Diabetes T1.jpg admin 26 Jul, 2014 19:28 314.02 Kb 653 4192 Diabetes meta-analysis July 2014.pdf PDF 2014 admin 26 Jul, 2014 19:27 984.45 Kb 1529 See any problem with this page? Report it (FINALLY WORKS)